Are you looking for ways to make your pet care routine more eco-friendly? With more pet owners recognizing how unsustainable traditional pet care practices are, the movement toward more eco-friendly alternatives is growing fast. From sustainable packaging in pet food to biodegradable waste bags, zero-waste pet care can help us minimize our environmental footprint. Without further ado, let's explore 6 sustainable pet care practices you can start implementing starting today. What is Zero-Waste Pet Care? Zero-waste pet care is all about making thoughtful, sustainable choices in how we look after our pets. Just like our own lifestyle choices can impact the environment, so can the way we care for our furry friends.  For example, did you know that pet waste alone contributes 8-12% of all residential waste? And with over 49 million dogs and 42 million cats in the US alone, traditional pet care habits have a bigger impact on the planet than we might think. Switching to a zero-waste approach also comes with added benefits like: Reduce unnecessary clutter in your household Save money in the long run Choose healthier food options for your pet Create a cleaner, greener future for everyone, pets included 6 Ways to Reduce Pet Waste Reducing pet waste doesn’t require a total lifestyle overhaul—just a few small shifts in daily habits can make a big difference.  Let’s dive in deeper: 1. Sustainable Pet Food Choices When it comes to reducing your pet’s environmental impact, one of the most effective steps you can take is to rethink their food.  Homemade Pet Food Making your pet’s food at home means you know exactly what your pet is eating.  The extra advantage?  You eliminate excess packaging as the food you prepare goes straight from the stovetop to your pet's bowl.  You can use fresh, locally sourced produce, which supports nearby farmers and reduces carbon emissions associated with food transport. Plus, homemade pet food can be tailored to your pet's unique taste and dietary needs—just remember to consult with your vet to make sure you’re meeting all your pet’s nutritional requirements.  If you're looking for inspiration, there are tons of dog and cat meal prep ideas you can try, from nutritious cooked meats to low-calorie veggie snacks. Zero-Waste Pet Treats  Store-bought treats can be convenient, but they’re often wrapped in single-use plastic and may contain preservatives.  The better alternative? Homemade treats that leave no waste behind.  For dogs, you can try dehydrating sweet potato slices or freezing blueberries and small apple slices. Cats, on the other hand, enjoy small pieces of cooked chicken or tuna.  These easy-to-get treats are not only healthier but also cost-effective and eco-friendly.  Bulk Purchasing of Pet Food  If making homemade pet food isn’t feasible, buying in bulk can be a practical and sustainable alternative. Bulk purchases reduce packaging waste and can save money over time. However, you should also think about your food waste management strategy - make sure you buy only what your pet can consume within a specific period to avoid ending up with excess food that may expire. Tips: Bring along reusable containers to fill up on dry pet food at stores that offer bulk options.  When choosing a brand, look for eco-conscious options like Open Farm, Tender & True, and The Honest Kitchen.  Always check if the products you buy are not only sustainable but also safe by ensuring the brand has a strong reputation and no recent cat or dog food recalls. 2. Composting Pet Waste Composting pet waste is a great step toward a zero-waste lifestyle, but it requires careful handling.  While composting dog waste is possible under controlled conditions, you should not use this compost in gardens meant for growing food, as it can contain pathogens. Cat waste, on the other hand, is generally not recommended for composting due to the risk of toxoplasmosis and other parasites. If you decide to compost your pet's waste, you can set up a dedicated composting system to avoid contamination. Alternatively, you can buy a dedicated composting bin, which is designed to handle pet waste safely. Note of caution: Composting pet waste requires strict attention to safety. For example, the composting process needs to reach high temperatures to kill harmful pathogens. Proper aeration and maintenance are also necessary to prevent bacterial growth and odor issues. If composting on your own is not an option, you can inquire if there are any pet waste composting services near you. This way, you can easily delegate the whole process to the professionals. 3. Eco-Friendly Pet Accessories When it comes to caring for our pets, every choice can make a difference—including the accessories we buy.  Here are a few things you can do:  Toys Made from Sustainable Materials If your pet loves toys, why not make playtime a little greener?  Look for toys made from natural, sustainable materials like hemp, organic cotton, or recycled fibers. Many brands now offer eco-friendly toys that are durable, safe, and free from harmful chemicals.  Feeling crafty?  DIY pet toys are a fun and budget-friendly way to keep your pet entertained while reducing waste. For example, old T-shirts can be braided into tug ropes, cardboard tubes can become endless hours of cat entertainment, and even a knotted sock can make a great DIY chew toy!  Bedding Options A comfortable bed is essential for any pet, but it’s also an opportunity to choose something sustainable. Pet beds from recycled plastic bottles or repurposed fabrics, for instance, are a more eco-conscious choice. Or you can look for beds that use organic or natural fibers (like cotton or wool), which are biodegradable and gentle on the environment.  Investing in a high-quality, durable bed is another way to keep things zero-waste. Instead of replacing worn-out beds frequently, a long-lasting, washable bed can give your pet a cozy spot for years while saving you money in the long run.  Sustainable Grooming Supplies  Grooming doesn’t have to involve plastic brushes and disposable combs. Instead, you can use products made from sustainable materials like bamboo or recycled plastic.  When it comes to shampoos and conditioners, aim for natural, biodegradable options that are free from harsh chemicals. These eco-friendly formulas (with ingredients like oatmeal, aloe, and coconut oil) are not only better for the environment, but they’re often gentler on your pet’s skin and fur, too.  4. Waste Management Solutions Managing pet waste responsibly is an essential part of a zero-waste pet care routine. Here’s how to keep waste management green and sustainable.  Biodegradable Waste Bags  Did you know that about 415 billion dog poop bags are used annually?  With so much plastic waste ending up in landfills, switching to biodegradable bags can make a huge difference. Such bags decompose more quickly and don’t release microplastics into the environment. When shopping for eco-friendly alternatives, look out for brands marked with the BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) certification.  Note: Avoid disposing of compostable bags in plastic-lined trash bins, as they won’t provide the right environment for the bags to break down fully. If your local waste facility has an industrial composting option, it's best to deposit them there. Eco-Friendly Litter Options  A lot of the traditional clay cat litter is mined in environmentally destructive ways and contains chemicals that don’t break down easily.  To avoid these, you can opt for recycled paper litter, which is soft, absorbent, and biodegradable, or wood-based litter such as okocat, which provide a natural scent and effective odor control. These eco-friendly alternatives decompose naturally, are typically free from harmful chemicals, and often produce less dust, which is better for your cat’s health, too.  DIY Litter from Shredded Newspaper  For a truly zero-waste option, you can try to make your own litter from shredded newspaper. Just follow these steps:  Shred old newspapers into small strips. Soak the shredded paper in warm water with a bit of biodegradable dish soap. This softens the paper and removes some of the ink. Drain and rinse the paper thoroughly, squeezing out excess water to leave it damp but not soaking. Sprinkle baking soda over the paper for added odor control. Allow the paper to dry completely before using it as litter. 5. Sustainable Pet Grooming Practices Besides using sustainable pet care products, there are a few other ways in which you can contribute to more sustainable pet grooming habits, including:  Water Conservation: When bathing your pet, try using a bucket or a handheld showerhead instead of running water the entire time. This can save gallons of water per bath, making grooming both eco-friendly and efficient. Another tip: give your pet a quick rinse outside when the weather allows, which keeps things low-impact and fun for your pet, too!  Waste Reduction: Did you know that pet fur can have a second life? Some organizations collect pet fur for environmental projects, such as oil spill cleanups, where it’s used to absorb pollutants. So, next time you brush your pet, consider saving and donating their fur to give it an eco-friendly purpose. 6. Supporting Sustainable Pet Services Choosing sustainable services for your pet can contribute to your zero-waste efforts and support eco-friendly businesses. For example, you can consider: Eco-friendly veterinarians: Some vet clinics are now adopting green practices to reduce their environmental footprint. Look for clinics that use digital records instead of paper, reducing waste and saving resources. Other eco-friendly initiatives include energy-efficient lighting, recycling programs, and even solar-powered facilities. Sustainable pet sitters: Choosing a pet sitter who shares your commitment to the environment ensures that your pet’s care stays green, even when you’re not home. Sustainable sitters might bring biodegradable waste bags, use natural cleaning products, or even compost pet waste where possible.  Conclusion Integrating zero-waste practices into pet care can reduce your pet’s environmental impact while improving their quality of life. And remember: small changes in feeding, grooming, and waste management add up to a big difference for the planet. So, what are you waiting for? Start implementing these strategies today and share your journey to inspire others to go green with their pet care routines.       

We love our pets and we want to spoil them, but providing them with all the treats, toys, and enrichment materials they deserve can really add up. Taking care of our furry friends doesn't have to break the bank, and we're here to show you how to provide engaging and delicious options for your small pets without going over budget. So let’s dive into the world of homemade toys and treats and discover how to do it on a budget, with many materials and ingredients you likely already have on hand.   From the Yard: We know our little critters love to gnaw on clean, untreated wood; it is a great enrichment activity and helps keep their chompers in check. And while it may be tempting to head to the backyard with your clippers, not all trees are safe for your small pet! Things to consider: Know your trees: Some trees are toxic to small pets! Apple, willow, and oak are generally safe, while cedar, yew, and stone-fruit trees are toxic. Wood from pine and fir trees is only safe after the wood has been kiln-dried to remove volatile oils. (Best to save this one for the professionals!) Are your trees clean & healthy? You do not want to give your small pet wood from trees sprayed with pesticides or wood from sick or infected trees! It’s best to avoid collecting branches from trees in public spaces as you can never be sure if they’ve been treated. Another great backyard bounty for small pets are pinecones! With just a bit a preparation, pinecones can be gnawed on, stuffed with treats, or even made into a play mobile!  Now that you have sourced your small pet-safe branches and pinecones, it is time to clean them up! These materials could have bacteria or fungus growing on them as well as bugs, so we will want to get rid of any pests, clean off sap, and clip off any sharps or spikes.   From the Garden: In the face of rising grocery costs and the desire to provide the best nutrition for small pets, growing a garden can be an incredibly budget-friendly way to supplement their diet with fresh fruit and veg. By cultivating a small plot or even just a few pots, pet parents can easily grow a variety of pet-friendly produce such as leafy greens, carrots, herbs, and even some fruits like strawberries or melons. Not only does this approach provide a cost-effective source of high-quality, fresh food for small pets, but it also offers the satisfaction of knowing exactly where their food comes from and the joy of engaging in a rewarding and sustainable activity. With a bit of green-thumb effort, pet parents can provide their furry companions with a nutritious and diverse diet, all while keeping a close eye on their budget.   *This is a non-exhaustive list of small pet friendly fruits, veg, and herbs. Always feed fruits, veg, and herbs in moderation. Consult your small pet vet if you have questions or concerns.   From the House: Don't overlook the potential for everyday household items to serve as enrichment activities for your small pets. By saving toilet paper and paper towel rolls, cardboard boxes, and butcher paper from the trash, you can provide your furry companions with endless opportunities for play and mental stimulation. Make sure your materials are unprinted and free of labels, tape, or stickers and repurpose these items into tunnels, hiding spots, or DIY toys to encourage natural behaviors and keep your pets engaged and entertained. Not only does this approach promote sustainability by reducing waste, but it also offers a budget-friendly way to enrich your pet's environment and promote their overall well-being. Creative and sustainable toy ideas: Treat hiding tube There are many ways to turn your cardboard tubes into treat-hiding toys and enrichment activities. It can be as simple as stuffing the tube with hay and treats or you could cut your tubes into rings and nesting them to create a stuffable sphere! Cardboard castle Save all those cardboard boxes from your Amazon and Chewy hauls to create a multi-level play castle for your small pet. Stack, cut, and tape your boxes together to create an interactive hideout/play space for your rabbit or guinea pig! Dig Box Create a dig box to provide mental stimulation and encourage natural foraging behaviors in your rabbit. Start with a large cardboard box or bin, add a layer of carefresh bedding, then begin to layer in any combo of toys, treats, veggies, herbs, etc. (especially those mentioned in this blog) to the box and watch them get to work! Visit @ronnieminilop on IG, TikTok, or YouTube for some great dig box ideas: Veggie box Forage box Dig box Providing enrichment for small pets doesn't have to break the bank. By embracing a creative and resourceful approach, pet owners can craft a stimulating environment for their furry friends while keeping costs low. From repurposing household items to growing a garden for fresh produce, the possibilities for budget-friendly DIY enrichment are endless. By investing time and ingenuity rather than a significant amount of money, pet parents can ensure that their small pets lead fulfilling and happy lives without compromising their budget.

With the current climate crisis, many are adopting eco-conscious lifestyles to reduce their environmental footprint. As this movement gains momentum, we must learn how to extend these sustainable practices to all aspects of our lives – yes, that includes the well-being of our furballs.  In this article, we’ll explore the positive impact of incorporating sustainable practices into pet care and how these can improve pet wellness – showing that it’s not to boost the well-being of our environment, but also our pets.   Sustainable Practices That Improve Pet Wellness Ever wondered how you can practice sustainability while improving your pet’s health? Below, we’ll share some of the best practices to get yourself involved in: Using Eco-Friendly Pet Products Choosing eco-friendly products for our furry companions is one of the easiest and best ways to incorporate sustainability into our day-to-day lives.  Many companies now offer products that use sustainable packaging and other sustainably sourced materials. Before purchasing any pet product, it helps to read the product label to learn more about its source and the materials used to create the product.  Products such as biodegradable poop bags and toys made of recycled plastics are prime examples of eco-friendly pet products. Not only do they save our environment, but also they keep our pets clean and healthy. >>>Read more about paper vs plastic packaging Switching to Nutritious and Sustainable Diets Besides eco-friendly pet products, opting for a more sustainable diet for your pet is a brilliant way to go on our path toward sustainability. When choosing pet food, read the product label and identify if the product is made of ethically sourced ingredients with minimal environmental impact.  Your pet might like meat, but it’s also worth trying other protein-rich meals such as insect-based and plant-based proteins – these foods often have significantly smaller ecological footprint than traditional meat. About 20% of the world’s fish and meat is consumed by pets, so it isn’t just us humans who contribute to climate change. Meat-based agriculture has always been a significant driver of climate change, and choosing other diet alternatives is a great way to start.  In fact, your pets are getting more protein from insect-based alternatives. For every 100 grams of insect-based food, your pet consumes up to two times more protein. These diets are both sustainable and good for your pet’s health in the long run – switching up your pet’s diet is one way to do your part for the environment while keeping them strong and healthy. Engage in DIY and Upcycling Practices Instead of purchasing pet products, why not do things yourself? Try creating pet accessories and toys from repurposed materials. Not only do you make your pet happy,  but you also get to make a positive change in the environment.  Cardboard boxes, for instance, are readily available – and cats love them! They make for excellent toys, so a simple box can already be a lot of fun for these little ones. Design these boxes and stack them on top of each other, and you might see your pets climbing up the boxes in no time.  Truly, these DIY practices allow your creative juices to flow. Plus, your pets get to have fun and stay mentally healthy through play.  Additionally, you can upcycle everyday items such as old t-shirts or towels. These can then be transformed into pet beds or durable chew toys that your pets will love. It goes to show that sometimes what you need might just be right in front of you. Photo by 乐融 高 on Unsplash Use Natural and Chemical-Free Grooming Products Choosing natural and chemical-free grooming products is a great way to protect your pet from harsh chemicals while simultaneously safeguarding our environment from further harm. Flea and tick shampoos, for example, contain pesticides such as organophosphates and pyrethrins.  While these chemicals are effective in eliminating fleas and ticks, they pose significant environmental risks. When these chemicals are washed off, they end up in the wastewater. As a result of these chemicals leaching into the water supply, aquatic organisms can be affected by these toxic chemicals – disrupting the ecosystem balance and harming non-target species.  It cannot be emphasized enough – always read the product labels for possibly harmful ingredients. Choose products that indicate that the ingredients are environmentally friendly or biodegradable. Reduce Carbon Pawprint in All Ways Possible Other than the previously mentioned sustainable practices, there are still other ways to reduce your carbon pawprint. When taking your pets outdoors, walk or cycle instead of using a motor vehicle to reduce your carbon emissions.  If you’re fond of dressing up your pet, choose functional items like eco-friendly collars and other clothes made of sustainable materials to keep them comfortable.  Cat owners can also choose an eco-friendly cat litter to further reduce their carbon footprint. Opt for litter made from upcycled wood such as okocat natural litter.  Final Thoughts That wraps up our quick guide to the sustainable practices that improve your pet’s wellness! While the switch may be challenging for some, know that in the end, it will all be worthwhile – you get to do your role in protecting our environment while keeping your pets healthy.     

When it comes to our beloved guinea pigs and other small pets, providing them with a comfortable and clean living environment is paramount. From the quality of their bedding to its longevity, every aspect plays a crucial role in ensuring their well-being. Among the myriad options available, carefresh small pet paper bedding stands out for its exceptional ability to provide long-lasting cleanliness and comfort for our furry friends. Let's delve into why carefresh bedding is a top choice for conscientious small pet parents and how it enhances the lives of our small companions. 1. Superior Absorbency carefresh bedding is renowned for its outstanding absorbency, making it ideal for keeping your pet's habitat clean and dry. Made from natural paper fibers, carefresh bedding effectively absorbs moisture, minimizing odors and reducing the risk of bacterial growth. This exceptional absorbency helps maintain a hygienic environment, promoting the health and well-being of your guinea pigs and other small animals. 2. Dust-Free and Allergen-Free One of the common concerns among pet owners is the presence of dust and allergens in bedding materials, which can adversely affect the respiratory health of their pets. carefresh bedding addresses this concern by being virtually dust-free and allergen-free. The low-dust composition ensures that your pets can burrow and nest without the risk of respiratory irritation, providing them with a safe and comfortable habitat to thrive in. 3. Long-Lasting Freshness Unlike some traditional bedding options that require frequent changes, carefresh bedding offers long-lasting freshness, reducing the frequency of cage cleanings. The superior odor control properties of carefresh bedding ensure that your pet's habitat remains fresh for an extended period, allowing you to spend more quality time with your furry companions and less time on maintenance tasks. 4. Environmentally Friendly carefresh bedding is crafted from sustainable and biodegradable materials, making it an environmentally friendly choice for today's conscientious pet owners. The use of upcycled paper fibers not only reduces waste but also minimizes the environmental impact of pet care activities. By choosing carefresh bedding, you can provide your pets with a cozy and eco-friendly habitat while supporting sustainable practices. 5. Comfort and Nesting Potential Beyond its practical benefits, carefresh bedding offers unmatched comfort and nesting potential for your guinea pigs and small pets. The soft and fluffy texture of the bedding material provides a cozy retreat for your pets, encouraging natural behaviors such as burrowing and nesting. This enriching environment promotes mental stimulation and enhances the overall quality of life for your furry companions.carefresh bedding sets the standard for long-lasting clean and comfort in the care of guinea pigs and other small animals. With its superior absorbency, dust-free composition, long-lasting freshness, and eco-friendly credentials, carefresh bedding provides pet owners with peace of mind knowing that their furry friends are living in a safe, healthy, and comfortable environment. Make the switch to carefresh bedding today and elevate your pet care routine to new heights of excellence. Your furry companions will thank you for it!  

Photo by Unsplash   Who can resist those adorable puppy dog eyes or the purrfect cuddle from your feline friend? Pets enrich our lives in countless ways. But did you know that with a few simple tweaks to your pet care routine, you can benefit your beloved companion and the environment? Here's how small changes in your pet's food, supplies, and outdoor adventures can make a big difference for the planet we all share. Eco-Friendly Food and Treats: Fueling Your Furry Friend Sustainably Ever wonder how your pet's favorite kibble ends up in your bowl?  The truth is, conventional pet food production can have a significant environmental footprint. Meat-based ingredients often involve large-scale agriculture, which can contribute to deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. Here's where eco-friendly alternatives come in: Sustainable Swaps Consider switching to pet food brands that prioritize sustainable practices. Look for options featuring sustainably sourced fish, insect-based protein (yes, insects!), or locally produced ingredients.  These alternatives can reduce the environmental impact of your pet's diet. DIY Delights Feeling adventurous? Making your own pet food can be a rewarding experience, allowing you to control the ingredients and source them locally.  However, homemade diets require careful planning to ensure your pet receives all the necessary nutrients.  Always consult with your veterinarian before making any drastic changes to your pet's diet. Waste Not, Want Not Food waste happens, but it's easy to minimize. Measure out your pet's food portions carefully to avoid overfeeding, and store kibble in airtight containers to maintain freshness. Leftovers?  Many pet food brands allow safe storage in the fridge for a few days. Sustainable Snacks Ditch the single-use plastic treats and explore eco-friendly alternatives. Dehydrated fruits and vegetables are packed with nutrients and last a long time. You can even get creative and use leftover scraps from your own meals to whip up homemade treats – just be sure to avoid ingredients that are toxic for pets. Eco-Friendly Pet Supplies: Spoiling Your Pet Without Spoiling the Planet We all love spoiling our furry companions with fun toys and comfy beds. However traditional pet supplies often involve plastic and other materials that can end up in landfills for years. Let's explore some eco-friendly options: Durable Delights Instead of flimsy plastic toys that get chewed to bits in no time, opt for long-lasting options made from recycled materials, organic fabrics, or natural rubber. These toys are not only better for the environment but also safer for your pet to chew on. Biodegradable Bounty When it comes to picking up after your pet outdoors, biodegradable poop bags are a must-have.  These bags decompose naturally, unlike traditional plastic bags that can linger in landfills for centuries. Second-Hand Finds Don't underestimate the power of pre-loved!  Shelters and online marketplaces often have a great selection of gently used pet supplies.  Giving these items a second life reduces waste and saves you money. DIY Den Making Feeling crafty? You can create eco-friendly pet accessories from recycled materials with a little creativity.  For instance, a comfy bed can be fashioned from old blankets and pillows, and a scratching post can be made using a sturdy cardboard box wrapped in sisal rope. Eco-Friendly Pet Care Practices: Small Changes, Big Impact Beyond food and supplies, there are numerous ways to incorporate eco-friendly practices into your daily pet care routine: Water Wise Ways When it comes to bath time, ditch the long showers. Use a washcloth and bucket for smaller pets, or opt for a professional groomer who uses water-saving techniques. Eco-Cleaning Champions Harsh chemicals often find their way into our waterways when we clean pet areas. Choose non-toxic, eco-friendly cleaning products specifically formulated for pet messes. These products are safer for your pet and the environment. Energy-Efficient Solutions Small changes can make a big difference.  Consider using LED light bulbs for aquariums, which are energy-saving and last longer than traditional bulbs. Similarly, opt for timed heating pads instead of leaving them on constantly. Sustainable Litter and Bedding Traditional clay litter can be quite bulky and ends up in landfills. For an eco-friendly alternative, consider switching to a natural biodegradable cat litter and paper-based pet beddings made from recycled paper or sustainably sourced wood pulp. These natural materials are highly absorbent, offer excellent odor control, and are completely biodegradable, making them a win-win for both your pet's comfort and the environment.       Eco-Friendly Outdoor Adventures: Exploring Nature Together Who says being eco-friendly means sacrificing fun with your pet? There are many ways to enjoy the great outdoors with your furry companion while minimizing your environmental impact. Here are some ideas that benefit both your pet's well-being and the planet: Hit the Trails Hiking and exploring nature trails are fantastic ways to bond with your pet and get some exercise. Fresh air, sunshine, and new scents will stimulate your pet's senses and keep them mentally sharp. Remember to choose dog-friendly trails, pack plenty of water for both of you, and always clean up after your pet with biodegradable waste bags. Beach Bums for a Cause Many coastal areas boast dog-friendly beaches.  A day at the beach provides endless entertainment for your pet – chasing waves, digging in the sand, and splashing in the shallows.  Turn your beach trip into an eco-adventure by participating in a beach cleanup organized by local environmental groups.  This way, you can enjoy quality time with your pet while contributing to a cleaner coastline. Support Local and Green Look for local pet-friendly parks and businesses that prioritize sustainability. These parks might offer dog waste composting bins or use eco-friendly cleaning products.  Local businesses could include pet stores that stock eco-friendly pet supplies or cafes with outdoor seating where you can enjoy a coffee and a treat with your furry friend.  Supporting these establishments not only promotes responsible pet ownership but also strengthens your local community. Wrapping Up: Furever Friends, Forever Sustainable Taking care of our pets goes beyond just food and playtime. By making small changes in our pet care routines, we can become more eco-friendly pet owners and contribute to a healthier planet for everyone. From choosing sustainable food options and eco-friendly supplies to exploring the outdoors responsibly, every little bit counts. Even a single pet owner making these changes can make a difference. Imagine the collective impact if all pet lovers embraced eco-friendly pet care! So, why not start today?  Research sustainable pet food brands, invest in some durable toys made from recycled materials, and explore the beauty of nature with your furry companion.  Together, we can show our pets and the planet just how much we care.